• Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and inc

  2021-10-18

  

  Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and increase L-lactate formation by inhibiting oxidative pak1 [34]. On the other hand, it has also been reported that levels of fasting plasma lactate in T2DM patients are similar regardless of whether or not metformin is administered [35] and th

• Hair loss in women is polygenic and multifactorial

  2021-10-18

  

  Hair loss in women is polygenic and multifactorial with the additional influence of environmental factors. Several studies focused on the importance of several genes related to alopecia (Carey et al., 1993, Hillmer et al., 2008, Randall, 2008). FPHL involves progressive hair follicle miniaturization

• One clue to how evolution

  2021-10-18

  

  One clue to how evolution has solved such spatiotemporal challenges comes from studies revealing that lymph node (LN) organization is more complex than originally presumed, suggesting that steady-state microanatomical features are crucial for effective immune responses (reviewed by Qi et al., 2014).

• Through the analysis of various

  2021-10-18

  

  Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR40 agonists as reported in literature, we found that a number of these compounds contained a phenylpropanoic glut1 motif which was inspired from naturally occurring medium to long chain fatty acids. For instance, in the early period of discovering TAK-87

• Interestingly we have shown that OA required FFAR

  2021-10-18

  

  Interestingly, we have shown that OA required FFAR4 to induce osteoblast gene expression in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, but not to inhibit osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. As previously suggested, FFAR1 may mediate the effects of OA in osteoclasts. However, FFAR1 has also been shown

• The primary or in transit site of metastasis for many

  2021-10-16

  

  The primary or in-transit site of metastasis for many cancers, including melanoma, are nearby sentinel lymph nodes (LNs) [6]. As such, sentinel LN biopsy is a common procedure to diagnose and stage melanoma progression [7,8]. Sentinel LNs are often the primary site of metastasis due to tumor cell-st

• Our results demonstrated that most

  2021-10-16

  

  Our results demonstrated that most of the HUA rings incubated with 100 μM TBT do not have the capacity to contract in the presence of 5-HT or exhibit very low contractions in comparison to the control. Only 23.3% of the HUA rings were able to contract. These results seem to indicate that there may b

• Although HK localizes mainly to either the cytosol

  2021-10-16

  

  Although HK localizes mainly to either the cytosol or mitochondria [29], [30], [31] and cardioprotection is associated with increased mitochondrial HK binding, some studies have identified a component of HK located in intracellular vesicles within the cardiomyocyte [48], [61], supporting older data

• In summary our results support the model

  2021-10-16

  

  In summary, our results support the model that the histone demethylase KDM5 is a critical host transcriptional regulator that maintains immune homeostasis and is responsible for preservation of the normal commensal microbial community structure and behavior. Neurodevelopmental disorders such as ID a

• br Introduction Circulating tumor cells CTCs are

  2021-10-16

  

  Introduction Circulating tumor CC-223 (CTCs) are cancer cells that have invaded blood vessels or lymphatics and are carried around the body by the blood. CTCs constitute potential seeds for metastasis because they can reach and implant into distant organs. The clinical importance of CTCs was hig

• These to date remain the only two reports of mutations

  2021-10-16

  

  These to date remain the only two reports of mutations in GC-C found in humans. Perhaps this once again emphasized the critical requirement of the presence of an optimally functional GC-C in the intestine, since neither its loss, nor its hyperactivity, can be tolerated in humans without severe conse

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-10-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To understand the molecular basis for how ghrelin secretion is regulated at the cellular level, we identified the full repertoire of 7TM receptors and G proteins in gastric ghrelin angiotensin receptor blocker and functionally characterized the major

• The GLU Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor

  2021-10-16

  

  The GLU-Epac transgenic mouse enabled us to monitor cAMP responses to GPR119 ligands in individual primary cultured L-cells. Not all L-cells were found to be responsive to AR231453, suggesting there may be a subpopulation of L-cells that do not express functional GPR119. There was a tendency for sma

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion DNA repair

  2021-10-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion DNA repair pathways have evolved for a long time to act independently of one another. However, over the past decade several overlaps and crosstalks between these pathways were identified, showing that the DNA repair system is more complex than previo

• br Discussion The Pro Ala variant in PPARG has been

  2021-10-16

  

  Discussion The Pro12Ala variant in PPARG has been one of the first candidate SNPs for type 2 diabetes [16], [17]. The rare allele of this variant is associated with a 25% reduced risk for the disease [18]. Given the role of PPARG as both a receptor for NEFA and itself a regulator of fat metabolis

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