• Several studies have shown that

  2021-09-02

  

  Several studies have shown that the levels of reactive dicarbonyls are higher in patients with diabetes as a result of hyperglycemia.49, 50, 51 Consequently, reactive dicarbonyl-derived AGEs are elevated in plasma and accumulate in tissues prone to secondary complications, including the lens, retina

• Growing evidence suggests that the

  2021-09-02

  

  Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems to play a pivotal role in NMDAR-related function. For example, it Adenine sulfate has been demonstrated in a hippocampal slice study that the glycine site sub-serves the spatiotemporal detection of synaptic activity (Li et al., 2009). Moreover,

• On the basis of their

  2021-09-02

  

  On the basis of their relative Glu transport rates and anion currents, EAATs group into two functionally distinct classes, EAAT1–3 being efficient Glu transporters with small associated macroscopic anion currents and EAAT4–5 low-capacity transporters with predominant anion conductance [18]. The diff

• For many plasma membrane receptors including GPCRs

  2021-09-02

  

  For many plasma membrane receptors including GPCRs, their density on the cell-surface is finely controlled by various transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, and is often a determinant of overall receptor function in a cell. To date, the transcriptional regulation an

• Due to the versatility of the ghrelin

  2021-09-02

  

  Due to the versatility of the ghrelin system and its multiple functions, dysregulation in some of the components of the ghrelin system, such as ghrelin, GOAT, and GHSR, might lead to pathogenesis of many endocrine-related diseases, including obesity, short stature, cancer, inflammatory, and cardiova

• br BA induced activation of TGR TGR

  2021-09-02

  

  BA-induced activation of TGR5 TGR5 is a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor for BAs and its activation is dependent on cAMP formation and further stimulation of protein kinase A [53], [31]. The receptor is expressed in the enterochromaffin cells, smooth muscles, immune cells and more import

• In the intestine ethanol exposure can change the composition

  2021-09-02

  

  In the intestine, ethanol exposure can change the composition of gut microbiota and promotes the growth of intestinal gram-negative bacteria, which results in the accumulation of endotoxins such as, LPS. Ethanol also impacts the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, increasing intestina

• The ultimate success of multimodal probe

  2021-09-02

  

  The ultimate success of multimodal probe in the inflammation imaging will be dependent on simplicity in synthesis (combining various modules without protection/deprotection), ease of optimization of pharmacological properties (linker group with tunable PEG moiety), co-registration of macroscopic and

• br Conclusions GPCRs are versatile signaling molecules regul

  2021-09-02

  

  Conclusions GPCRs are versatile signaling molecules regulating almost all physiological processes, including energy homeostasis and glucose homeostasis.105, 106 They also prove to be important therapeutic targets. Drugs targeting GPCRs account for 30% of current pharmaceutical sales. GPR40 is a m

• In contrast T bet downregulated the expression of Tfh

  2021-09-02

  

  In contrast, T-bet downregulated the expression of Tfh functional molecules, CD40L, ICOS, and IL-21; accordingly, T-bet overexpression abrogated the helper function of IL-12-stimulated CD4+ T cells. Thus, T-bet seems more involved in the downregulation of the helper functions than in the differentia

• Carnitine acetyltransferase CrAT transesterifies short chain

  2021-09-01

  

  Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) transesterifies short-chain acyl-CoAs, and is located both in mitochondria and peroxisomes. In yeasts and mammals this protein is the product of a single gene [20,21] and the sorting to different organelles is evolutionary conserved, although the mechanism of diffe

• The significance of the two biomarkers for the

  2021-09-01

  

  The significance of the two biomarkers for the detection of Aspergillus antigen and DNA in the sputum of patients cannot be over-emphasised. The mean GMI value was higher among CPA patients than the ABPA. This might not be unconnected with the fact that CPA is associated with lung damage and pre-exi

• Building applications by selecting and integrating

  2021-09-01

  

  Building applications by selecting and integrating components is known in software engineering as COTS-based development. Nowadays, this approach is recognized as a crucial success factor for the software industry (Ahuja, 2014). The advantages of using COTS components include minimizing the overall

• Previously we have shown that the overexpression of

  2021-09-01

  

  Previously, we have shown that the overexpression of ERRγ induces exercise-like oxidative muscle remodeling without engaging changes in the expression level or activity of PGC1α (Narkar et al., 2011). In this study, overexpression of ERRγ in PKO muscle reveals that ERRγ-activated target genes can ac

• Enhanced responses to varying concentrations of

  2021-09-01

  

  Enhanced responses to varying concentrations of bronchoconstrictors, such as MCh, and airway obstruction are characteristic of amprolium and common to other clinical states, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung transplantation, and infection- or chemical agent-induced airway inflam

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